NAME
    ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
    ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
    List information about  the FILEs (the current directory by default).
    Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

    Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
    too.

    -a, --all
    do not hide entries starting with .

    -A, --almost-all
    do not list implied . and ..

    --author
    print the author of each file

    -b, --escape
    print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

    --block-size=SIZE
    use SIZE-byte blocks

    -B, --ignore-backups
    do not list implied entries ending with ~

    -c   with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of
    file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name
    otherwise: sort by ctime

    -C   list entries by columns

    --color[=WHEN]
    control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN
    may be `never', `always', or `auto'

    -d, --directory
    list directory entries instead of contents

    -D, --dired
    generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

    -f   do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

    -F, --classify
    append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

    --format=WORD
    across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1,
    verbose -l, vertical -C

    --full-time
    like -l --time-style=full-iso

    -g   like -l, but do not list owner

    -G, --no-group
    inhibit display of group information

    -h, --human-readable
    print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

    --si  likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

    -H, --dereference-command-line
    follow symbolic links on the command line

    --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
    none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

    -i, --inode
    print index number of each file

    -I, --ignore=PATTERN
    do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

    -k   like --block-size=1K

    -l   use a long listing format

    -L, --dereference
    when showing file information for a symbolic link, show informa-
    tion for the file the link references rather than for the link
    itself

    -m   fill width with a comma separated list of entries

    -n, --numeric-uid-gid
    like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs

    -N, --literal
    print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters spe-
    cially)

    -o   like -l, but do not list group information

    -p, --file-type
    append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

    -q, --hide-control-chars
    print ? instead of non graphic characters

    --show-control-chars
    show non graphic characters as-is  (default unless program is
    `ls' and output is a terminal)

    -Q, --quote-name
    enclose entry names in double quotes

    --quoting-style=WORD
    use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell,
    shell-always, c, escape

    -r, --reverse
    reverse order while sorting

    -R, --recursive
    list subdirectories recursively

    -s, --size
    print size of each file, in blocks

    -S   sort by file size

    --sort=WORD
    extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

    status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

    --time=WORD
    show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access,
    use, ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if
    --sort=time

    --time-style=STYLE
    show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso,  iso, locale,
    +FORMAT

    FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<new-
    line>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to
    recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes
    effect only outside the POSIX locale

    -t   sort by modification time

    -T, --tabsize=COLS
    assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

    -u   with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access
    time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

    -U   do not sort; list entries in directory order

    -v   sort by version

    -w, --width=COLS
    assume screen width instead of current value

    -x   list entries by lines instead of by columns

    -X   sort alphabetically by entry extension

    -1   list one file per line

    --help display this help and exit

    --version
    output version information and exit

    SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of fol-
    lowing: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1,000,000, M 1,048,576, and so on for G, T,
    P, E, Z, Y.

    By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is
    equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the
    optional  WHEN argument  is equivalent to using --color=always. With
    --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is con-
    nected to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR
    Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
    Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
    Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is
    NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR
    PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
    The full documentation  for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If
    the info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the com-
    mand

    info ls

    should give you access to the complete manual.