NAME
    sed - manual page for sed version 4.0.3

SYNOPSIS
    sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...

DESCRIPTION
    Sed is a stream editor.  A stream editor is used to perform basic text
    transformations on an input stream (a file or input from  a pipeline).
    While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits
    (such as ed), sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and
    is consequently more efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text
    in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of
    editors.

    -n, --quiet, --silent

    suppress automatic printing of pattern space

    -e script, --expression=script

    add the script to the commands to be executed

    -f script-file, --file=script-file

    add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed

    -i[suffix], --in-place[=suffix]

    edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)

    -l N, --line-length=N

    specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command

    -r, --regexp-extended

    use extended regular expressions in the script.

    -s, --separate

    consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous
    long stream.

    -u, --unbuffered

    load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the
    output buffers more often

    --help display this help and exit

    -V, --version
    output version information and exit

    If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first
    non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret.  All
    remaining arguments are names  of input files; if no input files are
    specified, then the standard input is read.

    E-mail bug reports to: bonzini@gnu.org .  Be sure to include the word
    ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.

COMMAND SYNOPSIS
    This is just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder to
    those who already know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo
    document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions.

  Zero-address ``commands''
    : label
    Label for b and t commands.

    #comment
    The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e
    script fragment).

    }   The closing bracket of a { } block.

  Zero- or One- address commands
    =   Print the current line number.

    a \

    text  Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a back-
    slash.

    i \

    text  Insert text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a back-
    slash.

    q   Immediately quit the sed script without  processing any more
    input, except that if auto-print is not disabled the current
    pattern space will be printed.

    Q   Immediately quit the sed script without  processing any more
    input.

    r filename
    Append text read from filename.

    R filename
    Append a line read from filename.

 Commands which accept address ranges
    {   Begin a block of commands (end with a }).

    b label
    Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

    t label
    If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last
    input line was read and since the last t  or T command, then
    branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

    T label
    If no s/// has  done a successful substitution since the last
    input line was read and since the last t  or T command, then
    branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.

    c \

    text  Replace the selected lines with text, which has each embedded
    newline preceded by a backslash.

    d   Delete pattern space. Start next cycle.

    D   Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space.
    Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is
    still data in the pattern space.

    h H  Copy/append pattern space to hold space.

    g G  Copy/append hold space to pattern space.

    x   Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.

    l   List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.

    n N  Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.

    p   Print the current pattern space.

    P   Print up to the first embedded newline of  the current pattern
    space.

    s/regexp/replacement/
    Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space. If success-
    ful, replace that portion matched with replacement.   The
    replacement may contain the special character & to refer to that
    portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special
    escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching
    sub-expressions in the regexp.

    w filename
    Write the current pattern space to filename.

    W filename
    Write the first line of the current pattern space to filename.

    y/source/dest/
    Transliterate the characters in the pattern space  which appear
    in source to the corresponding character in dest.

Addresses
    Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command
    will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case
    the command will only  be executed for input lines which match that
    address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be exe-
    cuted for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines
    starting from the first address and continuing to the second address.
    Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is addr1,addr2
    (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which  addr1
    matched will always be accepted, even if addr2 selects an earlier line;
    and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against the line that
    addr1 matched.

    After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a ! may
    be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if
    the address (or address-range) does not match.

    The following address types are supported:

    number Match only the specified line number.

    first~step
    Match every step'th line starting with line first. For example,
    ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the
    input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line,
    starting with the second. (This is an extension.)

    $   Match the last line.

    /regexp/
    Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.

    \cregexpc
    Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. The c may
    be any character.

    GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:

    0,addr2
    Start out in "matched first address"  state, until addr2 is
    found. This is similar to 1,addr2, except that if addr2 matches
    the very first line of input the 0,addr2 form will be at the end
    of its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be at the
    beginning of its range.

    addr1,+N
    Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1.

    addr1,~N
    Will match addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the next
    line whose input line number is a multiple of N.

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
    POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren't completely because of
    performance problems. The \n sequence in a regular expression matches
    the newline character, and similarly for \a, \t, and other sequences.

BUGS
    E-mail bug reports to bonzini@gnu.org. Be sure to include the word
    ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field. Also, please include the
    output of ``sed --version'' in the body of your report if at all possi-
    ble.

COPYRIGHT
    Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is
    NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR
    PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
   awk(1),ed(1),grep(1),tr(1),perlre(1), sed.info, any of various
    books on sed, the sed FAQ (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sed-
    faq.html), http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.

    The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If
    the info and sed programs are properly installed at your site, the com-
    mand

    info sed

    should give you access to the complete manual.